The attempts to take down Donald Trump are quite real, and they are having significant consequences for the body politic.
They&#8217;re coming from nearly every major institution in the United States — from our universities to the media, from academia to the judiciary. It&#8217;s happening everywhere.
The real question is, is this really about Donald Trump as a person? Is it really about Trump, with all of his myriad foibles, mistakes, and craziness? Or is it about something broader?
I would contend that it&#8217;s about something broader, that the elite institutions in our society have basically decided that if anyone remotely Right-wing were ever to enter the presidency again, it would be an existential threat to their vision of a utopian future for the United States.
Every year, the American Political Science Association publishes <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24434298-presidential_greatness_white_paper_2024">a survey</a> ranking all the American presidents, dating back to George Washington. The list demonstrates who they think was the best — and the worst.
Of course, they have dumped Trump in last place. You would assume that they would. But that doesn&#8217;t really answer the question as to whether they just hate Trump or whether there is something broader going on to truly understand how much the elite institutions hate Trump and the Right wing.
<h4><a href="https://www.dailywire.com/episode/ep-1908-bankrupting-trump-murdering-navalny-member-exclusive" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WATCH: The Ben Shapiro Show</a></h4>
It&#8217;s not just that they hate Trump; it’s that they despise anyone who smacks in any way of being on the Right in the United States.
Trump is just the apotheosis. He is the apex of all they hate, and they are able to stack up Trump’s myriad of craziness and foibles on top of all that they hate about Republicans. 
If you look at their list, every Republican is downgraded significantly while every Democrat is upgraded significantly. 
They have Abraham Lincoln at number one. The usual consensus pick among historians is Abraham Lincoln, with George Washington in the number two spot. Sometimes they are switched, but they are always the top two.
But not for the American Political Science Association.
They have Lincoln at number one, and then they have Franklin Delano Roosevelt as number two, which is pretty astonishing considering that Roosevelt presided over the Great Depression. He probably lengthened it by nearly a decade with his garbage economic policies. Roosevelt initiated many of the vast government overspending programs that have crippled America and created a welfare state that has led to a $34 trillion national debt.
FDR did some good things, including his leadership during World War II, although that was plagued by some bad leadership decisions, particularly with regard to the Yalta Conference, which ceded all of Eastern Europe to the Soviets. FDR had a bizarre soft spot for Stalin.
Putting FDR above George Washington is monumentally telling, but it doesn&#8217;t end there. The list places Teddy Roosevelt at number four. Roosevelt was a progressive and a believer in the power of big government, even though he was a Republican. They put Thomas Jefferson at number five, Harry Truman number six, and Barack Obama at number seven.
Now, there is no possible way to say Obama is the seventh greatest president of all time, clocking in above Dwight Eisenhower, James Madison, John Adams, Ronald Reagan, and everyone else. That&#8217;s insane. Obama was a terrible president. By every available polling statistic, he wildly exacerbated racial divisions in the United States of America. He presided over the complete dissolution of American power around the world, downgraded the American military, and wrecked us in the foreign sphere.
Domestically, he polarized America as no president in my lifetime has — bar none — not just on issues of race, but also on issues of culture and sexual mores. We moved from a country where in 2008, Obama campaigned as a proponent of traditional marriage to a country where, by the time he left office, there were open discussions about whether men were women.
And don’t forget: He presided over the worst recovery from a serious economic recession in American history. He spent more money than all prior presidents combined.
Yet he’s number seven on this list. Lyndon B. Johnson, who initiated the Great Society programs and spent roughly $13 trillion on anti-poverty programs to leave almost precisely the same percentage of Americans in poverty as before, is ranked at number nine. This is the same guy who lost the Vietnam War and completely rewrote the constitutional relationship between the government and the private American citizen. 
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Bill Clinton is at number 12; Joe Biden is at number 14.
Biden is ranked 14 while Ronald Reagan, who led the most booming economic recovery in modern American history in the 1980s and also created the groundwork for defeating the Soviet Union, is ranked at 16.
Woodrow Wilson, the worst president of all time — a vicious racist who led us into World War I, created the system that led us into World War II, jailed his political opponents for sedition, and created the bureaucratic state — is ranked above Ronald Reagan.
Because of the framework by which our elite institutions work, they conclude with a bizarre delusion that they can&#8217;t possibly lose to somebody like Trump. Thus, they are led to believe that they can do anything they want to stop Trump. 
After all, according to these people, if the 14th greatest president of all time is running against the worst president of all time, what can&#8217;t you do to stop Donald Trump?

Former President Donald Trump Participates In South Carolina Fox News Town Hall

The War On Trump. It’s About Something Bigger Than He Is.

2024 Election

Abraham Lincoln

Barack Obama

Ben Shapiro

Donald Trump

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

Joe Biden

Opinion

Presidency

Readers Pass

Nineteen Democratic attorneys general said that the Department <a href="https://www.dailywire.com/topic/department-of-veterans-affairs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Veterans Affairs</a> should cover costly genital surgeries for transgender-identifying veterans in part because that’s what former Republican President <a href="https://www.dailywire.com/topic/abraham-lincoln" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Abraham Lincoln</a> would have wanted.
The Democrat officials, representing 18 states and Washington, D.C., filed an <a href="https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/thecentersquare.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/f/a8/fa886aea-c116-11ee-be63-6b3afb2d1710/65bbb9a52d7bb.pdf.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">amicus brief</a> on Wednesday in support of the Transgender American Veterans Association, which is suing the VA to cover the costs of vaginoplasty and phalloplasty surgeries.
&#8220;The mission of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs is to fulfill President Abraham Lincoln&#8217;s simple promise: &#8216;to care for those who have served in our nation’s military and for their families, caregivers, and survivors,'&#8221; the attorneys general wrote in the amicus brief, which was first <a href="https://www.thecentersquare.com/national/article_8b53a78e-c116-11ee-8c69-432b52fda8e7.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> on by The Center Square. &#8220;Taken together, the regulation and implementing directive render President Lincoln&#8217;s promise an empty one for many transgender veterans. Although the VA recognizes the existence of transgender veterans, the VA falls short of serving and caring for all veterans when it prevents transgender veterans from accessing medically necessary and potentially life-saving treatment.&#8221;
The officials said that the surgeries, which often have serious long term side-effects, were both “life-saving” and “medically necessary.” The surgeries covered would also be those that remove the breasts of women who identify as men.
&#8220;Transgender veterans with gender dysphoria are left without life-saving healthcare, and are vulnerable to physical suffering, depression, and suicidal ideation,&#8221; they wrote. &#8220;Further, the VA&#8217;s approach stands in tension with the experience of the amici States – which have found giving transgender people access to comprehensive healthcare, including medically necessary surgery – provides significant benefits at negligible costs.&#8221;
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The VA currently uses taxpayer funds to pay for veterans to get cross-sex hormones, hair removal, and so-called “voice training,” <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/transgender-veterans-lawsuit-va-gender-affirming-surgery-rcna135566" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to NBC News. Veterans Affairs Secretary Denis McDonough previously said that the department would start paying for genital and breast surgeries at some point, but the department hasn&#8217;t started yet.
The attorneys generals of Washington, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont all signed on to the brief.
Last year, House Republicans attempted to pass a measure that would prohibit taxpayer money from going toward paying for transgender procedures.

Washington, D.C. Cityscapes And City Views

Democrat AGs Say Lincoln Would Have Wanted VA To Pay For Veterans’ Transgender Surgeries

Democrat AGs Say Lincoln Would Have Wanted VA To Pay For Veterans' Transgender Surgeries

Democrats

Department of Veterans Affairs

Social Issues

transgender surgery

U.S.

Veterans Affairs (VA)

Daily Wire Editor Emeritus Ben Shapiro showed off his knowledge of history this week while sitting down with Broadcast Cal, star of the <a href="https://www.bentkey.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bentkey</a> original show “Kid Explorer,” who quizzed him on a variety of topics from American presidents to inventions. 
The two discussed the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, President Abraham Lincoln, and the American Revolution, among other topics from history. 
During their discussion, Cal asked Shapiro what sport Lincoln was known for, prompting Shapiro to answer “wrestling” and give more background on the athletic prowess of the 16th president.
“He would actually challenge dudes to wrestle in the streets. There are a bunch of stories about people confronting him, being like, ‘Let&#8217;s throw down right now,’ which is totally not what you think of when you think of Abraham Lincoln,” Shapiro said. 
Shapiro also gave more context on the debates between Stephen Douglas and Lincoln, which focused on federal versus state power. 
Historians have “preserved a huge number of these speeches and sort of the back and forth between Lincoln and Douglass and those those arguments are relevant right now on other subjects, actually, not just regarding slavery, because they&#8217;re all about what should be left to the states, what should be left to the federal government, which sort of subjects should be left to the people versus taken off the table by the Constitution,” Shapiro said. 
The two also discussed the shot heard round the world at the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the 1783 Treaty of Paris, and how long Britain’s King George III was in power. 
“Wow, a dominant performance,” Shapiro said after Cal’s final question. “But there are certain things that I didn&#8217;t know. Even I can learn things from the Kid Explorer and so can you. Which is why you should go to <a href="https://www.bentkey.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Daily Wire+</a> and subscribe if you haven&#8217;t already. ‘Kid Explorer’ is a great show for kids. They&#8217;ll absolutely love it.”
<a href="https://www.bentkey.com/">CHECK OUT BENTKEY HERE</a>
“Kid Explorer” is just one of the original shows available on Bentkey, The Daily Wire’s kids entertainment company. Other originals include “A Wonderful Day with Mabel Maclay” and “Chip Chilla.” 
The Daily Wire announced that new subscribers can take advantage of a 14-day free trial by downloading the Bentkey app or visiting <a href="https://www.bentkey.com/">Bentkey.com</a>, giving parents a great opportunity to check out entertaining content for their kids without the woke indoctrination. The code for the free trial is &#8220;UNLOCK.&#8221;
WATCH:
<iframe loading="lazy" title="Quizzing Ben Shapiro" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lbAEg03_y9A?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>

Ben and Cal 2

WATCH: Ben Shapiro Quizzed On History By ‘Kid Explorer’ Broadcast Cal

American History

Bentkey

History

The <a href="https://www.dailywire.com/topic/washington-d-c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lincoln Memorial</a> was temporarily closed this week after officials discovered that the monument had been vandalized with pro-Palestinian graffiti.
ABC News <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/lincoln-memorial-temporarily-closed-after-vandalized-graffiti/story?id=105811958" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> that the monument was vandalized with the phrase &#8220;Free Gaza,&#8221; which was painted in red, according to U.S. Park Police. Law enforcement have since opened up an investigation into the incident as clean-up crews work to restore one of America&#8217;s most iconic monuments.
&#8220;Vandalism was discovered in the area of Lincoln Memorial Circle and the Reflecting Pool,&#8221; U.S. Park Police said in a statement. &#8220;Anyone with information is asked to contact the United States Park Police tip line at (202)379-4877 or e-mail USPP_tipline@nps.gov&#8221;
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="500" data-dnt="true">
Pro-Hamas vandals pour red paint &amp; graffiti on the steps leading up to the Lincoln Memorial in yet another desecration of one of the most iconic American symbols. This month alone, there have been desecrations/disruptions at the Capitol, Grand Central Station, the Rockefeller… <a href="https://t.co/3qMSSTXXuG">pic.twitter.com/3qMSSTXXuG</a>
&mdash; Canary Mission (@canarymission) <a href="https://twitter.com/canarymission/status/1737845627671986572?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 21, 2023</a></blockquote>
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The U.S. Park Service said in a statement that it had started the process to restore the monument.
&#8220;National Park Service conservators have begun the process of removing the paint this morning, though it may take multiple treatments over several days to remove all of it,&#8221; the U.S. Park Service said. &#8220;The steps on the west side of the Reflecting Pool are closed to visitors while the conservation work takes place.&#8221;
On Thursday, the National Mall and Memorial Parks, National Park Service said that the monument was now open.
&#8220;The expert conservators on our staff removed most of the paint &amp; latex on the Reflecting Pool steps yesterday and finished up with a second treatment this morning,&#8221; the statement said. &#8220;The Lincoln Memorial and other sites remain open to the public. Good work, team!&#8221;
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="500" data-dnt="true">
Anyone with information is asked to contact the USPP tip line at (202)379-4877 or e-mail USPP_tipline@nps.gov. <a href="https://t.co/UkMFV1LOy6">https://t.co/UkMFV1LOy6</a>
&mdash; USPPNEWS (@usparkpolicepio) <a href="https://twitter.com/usparkpolicepio/status/1737902704050020800?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 21, 2023</a></blockquote>
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Abraham Lincoln Memorial, Blue Hour, Washington DC, America

Lincoln Memorial Vandalized With Pro-Palestinian Graffiti

Crime

Palestinians

Washington D.C.

General Grant

America’s Top 11 Generals: #3 Ulysses S. Grant

America's Top 11 Generals: #3 Ulysses S. Grant

American General

Civil War

Ulysses S. Grant

West Point

WAR AND CONFLICT BOOKERA:  CIVIL WAR/LEADERS

America’s Top 11 Generals: #4 William T. Sherman

America's Top 11 Generals: #4 William T. Sherman

William T. Sherman

A newly discovered letter from President Abraham Lincoln during the early part of the Civil War has recently been recovered, <a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/blog/newly-discovered-civil-war-letter-of-president-abraham-lincoln-for-sale-at-raab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to The Raab Collection auction house. 
Having been part of a private collection for over a century, the letter was acquired by Raab earlier this year. It was addressed to Union Army Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr., who the auction house <a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/presidential-autographs/lincoln-confederate-supply-rail-lines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">describes</a> as “America’s greatest civil engineer.” The correspondence sheds light on Lincoln’s wartime strategy, the attempts to protect Washington, D.C., using science available at the time, and gives insight into a strained relationship between the president and one of his generals. 
“You propose raising for the service of the U.S., a Civil Engineer Corps,” President Lincoln <a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/presidential-autographs/lincoln-confederate-supply-rail-lines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote</a> to Ellet. “I am not capable to judge of the value of such a corps; but I would be glad to accept one if approved by Gen. Scott, Gen. McClellan &amp; Gen. Totten. Please see them and get their views upon it.”
The letter was dated August 19, 1861, and sent from the Executive Mansion. Prior to Lincoln sending the letter, Ellet had been trying to <a href="https://dailycaller.com/2023/07/03/unknown-abraham-lincoln-letter-auction/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">persuade</a> the president to provide more support to the Army Corps of Engineers. Raab <a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/blog/newly-discovered-civil-war-letter-of-president-abraham-lincoln-for-sale-at-raab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">notes</a> that there was already correspondence on the matter in the Library of Congress, but that this discovery “fills in a part of the historical record that had been missing.”
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="500" data-dnt="true">
Unpublished Abraham Lincoln letter detailing Civil War strategy discovered <a href="https://t.co/c99AMU2FNT">https://t.co/c99AMU2FNT</a> <a href="https://t.co/29gRjuyLDl">pic.twitter.com/29gRjuyLDl</a>
&mdash; The Messenger (@TheMessenger) <a href="https://twitter.com/TheMessenger/status/1676581218190598146?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 5, 2023</a></blockquote>
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The push was an attempt to “survey terrain, disrupt Confederate supply chains, and defend the city of Washington” through an improved Corps of Engineers. Ellet also wanted the Union to <a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/blog/newly-discovered-civil-war-letter-of-president-abraham-lincoln-for-sale-at-raab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">build</a> steam-powered ram ships to protect ports in the North. Lincoln advised Ellet to get the views of Generals Winfield Scott, James Totten, and George McClellan on the issue. The find also sheds light on Lincoln’s strained relationship with McClellan.
According to Raab, the letter was subsequently delivered to the home of McClellan, who refused to meet with Ellet in a “snub” to the president. “This letter is documentary evidence of McClellan’s mistreatment of Lincoln,” the Philadelphia-based auction house says. 
“I called this morning at the residence of General McClellan, and endeavored to obtain an interview with him through the influence of your note requesting him to give me one,” Ellet <a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/presidential-autographs/lincoln-confederate-supply-rail-lines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote</a> to Lincoln after the snub. “But the general was unwilling to communicate with me … My effort, I regret to report, was entirely unsatisfactory.”
In 1862, when Union ships were destroyed by one of the Confederacy’s ironclads, the CSS Merrimack, the generals would see there was merit to Ellet’s advice, Raab says. 
The letter, a find that’s “<a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/blog/newly-discovered-civil-war-letter-of-president-abraham-lincoln-for-sale-at-raab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">increasingly rare</a>” today, is valued at $85,000 and is up for sale at Raab Collections. “Abraham Lincoln autographs and historical documents are among the most collected and are always in demand,” Raab states on its <a href="https://www.raabcollection.com/presidents-autographs/abraham-lincoln-autograph" target="_blank" rel="noopener">website</a>. “His letters are known for their great clarity and economy of words, he never [used] two where one would suffice.”
Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr., was <a href="https://www.asce.org/about-civil-engineering/history-and-heritage/notable-civil-engineers/charles-ellet-jr" target="_blank" rel="noopener">born</a> in Pennsylvania in 1810. During the Battle of Memphis, less than a year after Lincoln&#8217;s letter, he was shot as two ram ships, which he commanded, engaged eight Confederate ironclads. Two weeks later, Ellet died at age 52, and he lay in state under the Liberty Bell in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Raab notes.

The Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC.

Previously Unknown Civil War Letter From Abraham Lincoln Discovered

General

A man was arrested late last week after authorities said he attempted to burn down the childhood home of former first lady Mary Todd Lincoln, <a href="https://fox56news.com/news/local/lexington-man-allegedly-attempted-to-burn-down-mary-todd-lincoln-house/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to Fox 56. 
On Thursday, a Lexington, Kentucky, police officer spotted 29-year-old Santosh Sharma pouring gasoline on the back of the Mary Todd Lincoln House in downtown Lexington, according to an arrest warrant obtained by the outlet. Police say he had a lighter in his hand and more gasoline in a backpack he was wearing. 
Sharma allegedly waved a hammer at the officer when confronted, but the officer notes that no physical altercation occurred. The citation indicated that the presence of the hammer put fear in the officer of potential serious physical harm, according to Fox 56. 
Sharma was able to gain access to the rear of the home by allegedly going through a gated area, <a href="https://nypost.com/2023/06/17/kentucky-man-tries-burning-down-mary-todd-lincolns-childhood-home/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to the New York Post. 
The man was arrested and is now being held at the Fayette County Detention Center. Jail records <a href="https://jail.lexingtonky.gov/profiles/public/185431" target="_blank" rel="noopener">show</a> he is charged with second-degree arson, second-degree criminal trespassing, and menacing.
According to the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/lexington/mtl.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Park Service</a>, the Mary Todd Lincoln House was built between 1803 and 1806. The wife of the 16th president, Abraham Lincoln, Mary Todd lived in the home between 1832 and 1839, when she subsequently moved to Springfield, Illinois, and met her husband three years later. 
“In the Todds&#8217; day, the property contained separate outbuildings, including an outdoor kitchen with slave quarters, wash house, smoke house, and stables with a carriage house,” the description of the home of the Mary Todd Lincoln House website <a href="https://www.mtlhouse.org/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener">says</a>. “Unfortunately, no evidence of the outbuildings remains. The Todds also had a large garden, now partially restored.”
The first lady&#8217;s family lived there until 1849, when Robert Todd, Mary Todd’s father, died. The home is the first house museum to honor a first lady and was visited by Abraham Lincoln in 1847.
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In the 1950s, the structure of the home began to deteriorate after it had been used as a grocery store, brothel, and boarding house in the time since the Todds moved out. 
“Today, the home is used to tell the remarkable story of Mary Todd Lincoln to thousands of visitors from around the world, featuring family portraits and furnishings from the Todd and Lincoln families,” the website description says.

Mary Todd Lincoln House

Man Arrested For Attempting To Burn Down Mary Todd Lincoln’s Childhood Home: Police

Arson

Kentucky

While each president has had his own approach to the office and has tested the boundaries of his authority in different ways, the tenure of the founding generation was comparatively subdued. Each had their own strengths and weaknesses, but from Washington to Adams to Jefferson to Madison to Monroe and to an Adams again, there was a broad consensus on what the President could and could not do.
That consensus, however, would be challenged by a consummate outsider.
Andrew Jackson was a local high-water mark of presidential power. A rough and tumble man who loathed most of the established political players, Jackson carved a path all his own. Ignoring Washington’s example, Jackson vetoed more legislation than <a href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/vetoes/vetoCounts.htm">all of his predecessors put together</a>. 
In the case of Worcester v. Georgia, when the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee nation had a right to their land under federal treaty and could not be removed, Jackson completely ignored them, <a href="https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/history2.html">supposedly saying</a> of the chief justice, &#8220;John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.&#8221; A move which neatly embodies the watchmen problem — if the man tasked with enforcing the law simply refuses to enforce it, then who enforces the law upon that enforcer?
Few of his successors would match Jackson’s influence until Abraham Lincoln was elected. Often listed first in the pantheon of American legends, few men have been as revered by history and as reviled by their contemporaries as the man who saw the country through the Civil War. 
Lincoln steered the country through an unprecedented crisis and rightly deserves credit for the extraordinary achievement of abolishing slavery, which his predecessors, despite their best efforts, could not match. To do so, however, he became indisputably the most powerful American president up until that point.
Lincoln <a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lincolns-suspension-of-habeas-corpus-is-challenged" target="_blank" rel="noopener">suspended habeas corpus</a> — he had <a href="https://time.com/5896683/lincoln-civil-war-misinformation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dissident newspaper editors jailed</a>, he instituted the nation’s <a href="https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/historical-highlights-of-the-irs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">first income tax</a> (which was not constitutional at the time) and an incredibly unpopular draft. And while the Emancipation Proclamation was undoubtedly a great achievement it was also a massive exercise in executive power that would not have been legally tenable at the time outside the exigencies of war. 
For these reasons, Lincoln was painted by his enemies as a tyrant, and while history remembers him as a liberator this was the reason that “sic semper tyrannis” was cited to defend his murder.
Few of his immediate successors matched Lincoln&#8217;s gravitas or historical impact. His vice president, Andrew Johnson, would scuttle many Republican ambitions for Reconstruction. In retaliation, Congress would take the comparatively rare step of infringing on the president’s powers by passing a law demanding that he could not fire any members of his cabinet without their approval — and then impeaching him when he went ahead and did it anyway. 
The law wouldn’t stand up in court, but Johnson avoided removal from office by a <a href="https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-man-whose-impeachment-vote-saved-andrew-johnson" target="_blank" rel="noopener">single vote</a> in the Senate.
For the sake of brevity, I will gloss over the presidents of the late 19th century, who, compared to the heights of Lincoln and Jackson, were relatively weak executives during a period where Congress was largely ascendant.
However, by the 20th century, the presidential trend came back with a vengeance — this was the era of the <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Imperial_Presidency/ZkxlY4S2iWYC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;printsec=frontcover" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Imperial Presidency</a>. While there were comparatively subdued executives such as Calvin Coolidge and Warren G. Harding, there were many more activist executives such as William McKinley, Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Lyndon Johnson — each of whom vastly expanded the power of the federal government with military interventions abroad (The Spanish American War, The Roosevelt Corollary, WW1, WW2, Vietnam) and greater economic intervention at home, from trust busting to the New Deal to The Great Society. 
The advent of the permanent income tax and the Federal Reserve at the start of the century gave the federal government far more resources.  And since the day-to-day operation of the federal government is primarily carried out by the executive branch, which the president has unilateral authority over, this naturally multiplied the power of presidency.
<div class="image"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="alignnone wp-image-504627 size-full" src="https://www.dailywire.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/us-spending-1.png.webp" alt="" width="607" height="416" srcset="https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/us-spending-1.png.webp 607w, https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/us-spending-1.png-300x206.webp 300w" sizes="(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px" /></div>
To illustrate this point visually — when the White House complex was first constructed, every cabinet department could fit within it — the Treasury building was directly to the mansion’s east, while the State Department, War Department and the Department of the Navy were headquartered directly to its west. By the 1870s, the west side of the complex was remodeled and transformed into what was the largest office building in the world at the time in order to house those same three departments.
That building still stands as the <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/the-grounds/eisenhower-executive-office-building/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a>, and as of now it houses some of the president’s office staff.
<div id="attachment_504626" style="width: 874px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-504626" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-large wp-image-504626" src="https://www.dailywire.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-864x576.jpg" alt="" width="864" height="576" srcset="https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-864x576.jpg 864w, https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-300x200.jpg 300w, https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-768x512.jpg 768w, https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-1800x1200.jpg 1800w, https://dw-wp-production.imgix.net/2023/02/GettyImages-908745176-1200x800.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px" />Getty Images</div>
The advent of mass media also contributed to the president’s powerful bully pulpit and ability to shape national policy discussions — when communications were slow and congressional districts were smaller and more isolated it was almost impossible for the president to communicate with the entire nation in any timely fashion. 
Improved infrastructure, and later the radio and television, allowed presidents to broadcast their agendas and ideas <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/fireside-chats" target="_blank" rel="noopener">directly into the homes of everyday Americans</a>. As the principal figure in the expanding national government, the president naturally received a massive share of media attention.
Increasing American militarism has also increased the relative importance of the presidency — a commander-in-chief is far more consequential in wartime than in peacetime. With American forces deployed in multiple theaters around the globe and with American nuclear assets easily capable of leveling human civilization, the man who controls all that awesome military might is very powerful indeed.
But the expansion of executive power is not merely a consequence of the growth of government as a whole, or the ease of mass communication, or American adventurism overseas; there is another process at work.
Because as mentioned previously, Congress has the exclusive constitutional authority to declare war, and to ratify treaties. The president can execute that war as he sees fit, and negotiate terms for their consideration. The president has broad authority to make snap defensive decisions but by historical logic, most of these overseas operations would require a congressional declaration.
Yet Congress has not formally declared war since <a href="https://www.history.com/news/united-states-official-declarations-war" target="_blank" rel="noopener">1942</a>. It has “authorized military action” since then, but in many circumstances, it has also authorized the president to take such actions without seeking congressional approval — according to the <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/war-powers-act" target="_blank" rel="noopener">War Powers Act of 1973</a> the president can deploy military forces for up to 60 days without bothering to ask Congress. And even with that broad window, they sometimes have <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42201792" target="_blank" rel="noopener">neglected to follow up</a> and have continued to deploy forces with zero consequences.
What is going on here?
Well, as the federal government has grown in size and scope the minutiae of day-to-day affairs has expanded well beyond what Congress can manage — regulations formulated by bureaucrats often carry the force of law, as do executive orders from the president. Part of this is practical — rather than working out every legislative detail Congress can give broad authority to an expert regulatory body and allow them general autonomy over how they wield that authority. In other words, the executive branch has become more powerful because the legislature has increasingly delegated legislative powers.
But beyond the pragmatic justification of expediency and expertise, why has Congress given up so much power — when the presumption behind checks and balances is that every constitutional actor would jealously guard their powers against the infringement of the others?
Because institutions do not have incentives — individuals do. Voting one way or the other on any specific regulation might cost a representative support in the next election, lowering their chances for re-election. Foisting the pesky details off to another body may weaken Congress’ relative power, but it serves the ambition of the individual officeholder. On the other hand, executive power is unified — the power of the legislator and the legislature may not be one and the same, but the power of the executive largely is.
While lifelong employees may remain as administrations come and go, and the byzantine nature of our own bureaucracy may make it too difficult for any one man to practically control, in theory, every member of this massive apparatus operates at the pleasure of the president — the amount of power that has been accrued is staggering.
It is difficult to condense centuries of political development in any reasonable time frame without losing some nuance or detail, but the broad strokes are fairly clear.
The president has become the most powerful man in the world. But that was not what the office was intended to be.
And as we commemorate the men who held that office and made it what it is today, we should ponder this: Is the presidency what it should be?

Abraham Lincoln Statue At Lincoln Memorial

A Brief History Of The American Presidency, Part 3: The Expansion Of Executive Power

Andrew Jackson

Federal Government

It is no coincidence that as America has become more ignorant, it has also become more cynical, more factional, and less confident. As Constitution Day approaches, learn what it means to be an American and what everyday citizens can do about it.
Most Americans are somewhat familiar with the hagiographic version of Abraham Lincoln: the man who grew up in a Kentucky log cabin, who was entirely self-taught and self-made, who heroically navigated the American republic through the crucible of the Civil War, and most important of all, the man who helped purge America’s soul of its original sin of slavery.
However, what Americans truly need today is a different Lincoln: Lincoln the political scientist, who searched his whole life for a way to connect a diverse citizenry to a singular American polity. 

This is the Lincoln who proclaimed in his First Inaugural Address, “The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land.” 

This is the Lincoln who, as president, used the bloodshed of Gettysburg to presage a “new birth of freedom” by reminding Americans that our patriotic fealty is oriented not around kings, popes, and aristocracies, but the Jeffersonian “proposition” that “all men are created equal.” 
This is the Lincoln who, over two decades before becoming president, delivered a speech to the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield warning them that insufficient memory of the sacrifices of the American Revolution and disrespect for the law are threats to “the political religion of our nation.”
The genius of Lincoln and the acumen of his statecraft is highlighted in the juxtaposition between the “self-evident truth” at the center of the Declaration of Independence and the “proposition” Lincoln describes in the Gettysburg Address. To further explain: a self-evident truth requires no effort, no political project, no patriotism — it is true whether or not citizens understand or recognize it. 
A philosophy teacher might say it is an “a priori” truth, but a proposition is different. As University of Chicago professor <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Leading-Worthy-Life-Finding-Meaning/dp/1594039410">Leon Kass observes</a>, a proposition is “like a geometric theorem . . . whose truth must be proved.” Thus, the grand and stirring truth recognized by Lincoln is that American citizenship is a multi-generational project of perpetually re-proving, widening, and amplifying the propositional truth of universal human equality that stands at the heart of the American regime.
This is why robustly teaching American history and American civics is the essential task of education in a pluralistic constitutional republic. For America to endure, every generation must understand and acquiesce to certain political truths, namely those enshrined in our two founding documents — the Declaration of Independence and the American Constitution.
Which begs a colossally vexing question: what happens if virtually no modern Americans understand the American proposition? What if they cannot articulate, much less renew, what Jefferson called “The American Mind” and FDR labeled “Americanism?” What if they do not appreciate the sheer power of Martin Luther King’s observation that, “. . . the goal of America is freedom . . . before the pen of Jefferson scratched across the pages of history with the majestic words of the Declaration of Independence, we were here.”
It is not hyperbolic alarmism or crotchety cynicism to point out that what Lincoln feared most, a generation of ignorant Americans who would somehow sever themselves from the knowledge and habits that make the American Experiment possible, has become a haunting and dystopian political reality. 
The evidence of our civic decline and ignorance is everywhere around us. Only <a href="https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/freedom-framework-social-studies-education">12% of American high school seniors are proficient</a> in U.S. History. Of all the major subject matter categories—mathematics, reading, science, and the like—U.S. History was dead last. And not by a small margin, either. The second worst subject was geography, with <a href="https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/">20% of 12th graders reaching proficiency</a>.
Though, let’s not pretend it’s only school-age students. Only <a href="https://www.luc.edu/media/lucedu/law/students/publications/llj/pdfs/vol-51/issue-2/9_Kennedy%20(419-429).pdf">one in four Americans</a> can name all three branches of government. Concepts like federalism and judicial review remain mysteries to broad swathes of the public. One in ten college graduates — no, this is not a joke — think <a href="https://time.com/4186653/college-grads-judge-judy-supreme-court-justice/">Judge Judy is a Supreme Court justice</a>.
Jefferson famously remarked “if a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be.”
Americans read less, associate with fewer citizens of different political leanings, and obtain their information from siloed news sources. They know very little of American history and even less about constitutional norms and expectations. Political campaigns are no longer calibrated to persuade independent or moderate voters, but attuned to rile up and terrify “the base” by selling them on the pernicious notion that half the country is a threat to the very fabric of the republic itself. Political discourse comes to resemble schoolyard taunts—“You’re a fascist!” “No, you’re the real fascist!”
It is now oddly vogue for modern conservatives to celebrate harsh critiques of classical liberalism from intellectuals who have decided the problem isn’t weak families, a narcissistic consumer culture, or moral relativism, <a href="https://www.dailywire.com/news/when-did-john-locke-become-the-enemy">but John Locke</a> and the very philosophy of the American founding. 
When we don’t understand values like free speech, we come to believe demagogic tropes like “politics are personal” or “silence is violence.” When we don’t understand that broad political disagreements have always defined America’s political landscape, we decide to end friendships on the basis of mask mandates and MAGA hats. Younger Americans won’t date those with a different political point of view. 
Lincoln’s fear that we would abandon our civic glue and become unyoked from our constitutional union is happening right before our very eyes. Which brings us to the most under-appreciated and least celebrated national holiday: Constitution Day.
Our English friends have spent the past week rightly celebrating the extraordinary life of Queen Elizabeth II. Andrew Sullivan humorously, but insightfully, noted, “However sh***y the economy, or awful the prime minister, or ugly the discourse, the monarch is able to present the nation all the time.” Of course, we have no king or queen, no sovereign to unite or unify us. Instead, we have a constitution, a document that is not only a noun, but also a verb, because it “constitutes” a nation by providing the legal framework for “We The People” to become a singular nation with a singular ethos.
On this Constitution Day, take a few minutes to learn about the American Constitution. Figure out why Madison was the Father of the Constitution. Read up on the differences between an article and an amendment. Say the Preamble out loud. 
Most of all, don’t take Constitution Day for granted. It is more important than we think. Just ask our sixteenth president.
Jeremy S. Adams is the author of <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Hollowed-Out-Warning-Americas-Generation/dp/1684511984/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&amp;qid=1663177732&amp;sr=1-1">Hollowed Out</a>: A Warning About America&#8217;s Next Generation, recently released in paperback. He has taught American civics for 24 years in Bakersfield, California and was the 2014 California Teacher of the Year (DAR). You can follow him on Twitter @JeremyAdams6.
The views expressed in this piece are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of The Daily Wire.

Statue of Lincoln at Lincoln Memorial

The American Proposition: What Honest Abe’s Warnings Can Teach Us This Constitution Day

Constitution

Founding Fathers

Rep. Liz Cheney (R-WY) was mocked Tuesday night for comparing herself to former President Abraham Lincoln after her blowout loss in Wyoming&#8217;s Republican primary for the state&#8217;s at-large congressional seat.
With greater than 95% of the votes counted, Cheney lost by more than a 2-to-1 margin, 66.3% to 28.9%, to Harriet Hageman, who was backed by former President Donald Trump.
&#8220;Tonight, Harriet Hageman has received the most votes in this primary, she won,&#8221; Cheney said during a speech following her loss. &#8220;I called her to concede the race, this primary election is over. But now, the real work begins.&#8221;
Cheney then proceeded to compare herself to Lincoln and to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, who later went on to become America&#8217;s 18th president.
&#8220;The great and original champion of our party, Abraham Lincoln, was defeated in elections for the Senate and the House before he won the most important election of all,&#8221; Cheney said. &#8220;Lincoln ultimately prevailed, he saved our Union, and he defined our obligation as Americans for all of history.&#8221;
Several minutes later, Cheney continued, &#8220;In May of 1864, after years of war and a string of reluctant Union generals, Ulysses S. Grant met General Lee&#8217;s forces at the Battle of the Wilderness.&#8221;
&#8220;In two days of heavy fighting, the Union suffered over 17,000 casualties,&#8221; Cheney continued. &#8220;At the end of that battle, General Grant faced a choice. Most assumed he would do what previous Union generals had done and retreat. On the evening of May 7, Grant began to move. As the fires of the battle still smoldered, Grant rode to the head of the column. He rode to the intersection of Brock Road and Orange Plank Road, and there as the men of his army watched and waited, instead of turning North back towards Washington, and safety, Grant turned his horse south toward Richmond, and the heart of Lee&#8217;s army. Refusing to retreat, he pressed on to victory. Lincoln and Grant and all who fought in our nation&#8217;s tragic Civil War, including my own great, great grandfathers, saved our Union.&#8221;
Cheney was widely mocked on social media following her blowout loss to Hageman as many conservatives especially took issue with her Lincoln comparison.
&#8220;Liz Cheney tried to make herself a martyr at the expense of our country and our party,&#8221; Wesley Hunt, a Republican candidate for Congress, tweeted. &#8220;Comparing yourself to Lincoln doesn’t change that. The comparison is as tone deaf and ridiculous as her seat on the January 6th Committee.&#8221;
Seattle-based conservative radio host Jason Rantz tweeted, &#8220;Abraham Lincoln has a better shot at becoming president in 2024 than Liz Cheney. Bye Liz.&#8221;
&#8220;Liz has a very inflated view of herself,&#8221; longtime ESPN reporter Jeannine Edwards tweeted.
&#8220;1. Dropping ads across Wyoming against Liz Cheney was one of the most fulfilling professional tasks I have had to date in politics,&#8221; Florida GOP Vice Chairman Christian Ziegler tweeted. &#8220;2. No chance this woman has a shot at President. Kasich 2.0 3. This should sunset the Cheneys from anymore politics. Thankfully.&#8221;
Actor Dean Cain responded, &#8220;You’re not Abraham Lincoln, however.&#8221;
&#8220;Yeah, you’re just like Abraham Lincoln you piece of trash,&#8221; attorney Kurt Schlichter fired back at Cheney.
&#8220;Absolutely delusional,&#8221; conservative commentator Allie Beth Stuckey tweeted.

GOP Congressional Candidate Liz Cheney Holds Election Night Event

After Losing Election, Liz Cheney Compares Herself To Abraham Lincoln And Gets Torched

Liz Cheney Compares Herself To Abraham Lincoln And Gets Torched

Liz Cheney

Wyoming

The Lincoln Memorial closed briefly on Saturday after a graduation party from a local university left the grounds of the site strewn with litter.
The National Mall branch of the National Park Service made the announcement early Saturday morning. &#8220;The Lincoln Memorial is closed this morning following a local university graduation celebration that left litter, broken bottles and spilled wine and champagne covering the steps,&#8221; the National Mall NPS tweeted around 9 a.m. Saturday morning. &#8220;We will reopen as soon as the area has been cleaned and made safe.&#8221; The tweet included a picture of the site cordoned off with barriers and caution tape, as well as a park worker sweeping up litter from the steps of the site.
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
The Lincoln Memorial is closed this morning following a local university graduation celebration that left litter, broken bottles and spilled wine and champagne covering the steps. We will reopen as soon as the area has been cleaned and made safe. <a href="https://t.co/AVuOeoof0y">pic.twitter.com/AVuOeoof0y</a>
— National Mall NPS (@NationalMallNPS) <a href="https://twitter.com/NationalMallNPS/status/1528002214819667968?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 21, 2022</a></blockquote>
The Memorial was opened <a href="https://twitter.com/NationalMallNPS/status/1528035154647732224">later</a> in the morning. &#8220;Thanks to our facilities staff for the quick clean up this morning,&#8221; NPS tweeted. &#8220;The Lincoln Memorial is open. We appreciate your patience.&#8221;
A spokesman for the NPS declined to publicly state which school or schools the graduates came from, but Georgetown University released a statement, via <a href="https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/lincoln-memorial-closed-after-grads-leave-broken-bottles-spilled-alcohol-officials/3057836/">NBC 4 Washington</a>, saying it was monitoring &#8220;the concerning and disappointing activity at the Lincoln Memorial.&#8221; Georgetown&#8217;s campus is within walking distance of the Lincoln Memorial, about two miles away from the National Mall.
&#8220;While Georgetown is one of several institutions celebrating graduation ceremonies this weekend, we have had no University-sponsored events at or around the Lincoln Memorial,&#8221; the University added. &#8220;We expect all members of our community to be responsible citizens of our campus and our city and be respectful of the history and institutions of Washington, D.C.&#8221;
Consuming alcohol is illegal on the National Mall — though the NPS spokesman said no arrests had been made.
Twitter users lamented the mess left on the steps. Many users connected the dots and called out Georgetown students as the obvious suspects:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/derekwillis/status/1528077749730025474?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1528077749730025474%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2Fderekwillis2Fstatus2F1528077749730025474widget%3DTweet">Derek Willis</a>, data journalism professor: “‘local university’”</li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/ReignOfApril/status/1528033864106508292?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1528033864106508292%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FReignOfApril2Fstatus2F1528033864106508292widget%3DTweet">April Reign</a>, activist: “‘Local university&#8217; =@Georgetown. The participants should be cleaning up their mess, and/or the school should be billed for the (government?) resources used to clean up.&#8221;</li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/mcbyrne/status/1528056792143601667?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1528056792143601667%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2Fmcbyrne2Fstatus2F1528056792143601667widget%3DTweet">Melissa Byrne</a>, former Bernie Sanders presidential campaign surrogate: &#8220;@Georgetown this you?&#8221;</li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/LucasFoxNews/status/1528020431059443715?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1528020431059443715%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FLucasFoxNews2Fstatus2F1528020431059443715widget%3DTweet">Lucas Tomlinson</a>, Fox News Pentagon Reporter: &#8220;Georgetown University students blamed for mess at Lincoln Memorial, sources say.&#8221;</li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/AjitPai/status/1528085911451447296?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1528085911451447296%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FAjitPai2Fstatus2F1528085911451447296widget%3DTweet">Ajit Pai</a>, former FCC Chairman: “In 2010, Georgetown University ‘committed to three campus-wide [environmental] principles,’ the first being ‘[d]emonstrating respect for nature and society.’ The university president said these commitments were made ‘to minimize our environmental impact.’”</li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/KatrinaKNews/status/1528059906208808960?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1528059906208808960%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FKatrinaKNews2Fstatus2F1528059906208808960widget%3DTweet">Katrina Kincade</a>, reporter, WBZ Boston: &#8220;Bruh. This is so disappointing. As someone who went to school in DC, none of this &#8216;celebration&#8217; was necessary for your grad pics.&#8221;</li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/LindsayAWatts/status/1528027617424728065?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1528027617424728065%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublish.twitter.com%2F%3Fquery%3Dhttps3A2F2Ftwitter.com2FLindsayAWatts2Fstatus2F1528027617424728065widget%3DTweet">Lindsay Watts</a>, journalist, Fox 5 DC: &#8220;Terrible that workers have to be out cleaning up in this heat because of stupid behavior!&#8221;</li>
</ul>
The incident also comes on the heels of the Lincoln Memorial&#8217;s Centennial celebration, which is scheduled to take place at 10 a.m. Sunday morning. According to the Lincoln Memorial&#8217;s official <a href="https://www.nps.gov/linc/planyourvisit/lincevents.htm">website</a>, the celebration, entitled &#8220;Building on Lincoln’s Vision of Unity and Equality&#8221; and hosted by the Lincoln Group of DC in conjunction with the National Park Service, will &#8220;highlight the full range of meaning behind the Lincoln Memorial, from its original meaning as a memorial to Lincoln’s life and contribution as savior of the Union to becoming a symbol of civil rights.&#8221;

Lincoln Memorial

Lincoln Memorial Closes After ‘Local University’ Grad Party Leaves Litter, Broken Bottles Behind

Lincoln Memorial Closes After 'Local University' Grad Party Leaves Litter, Broken Bottles Behind

Georgetown University

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