In December 2012, I was published in the Philadelphia Daily News to offer effective school safety in response to the Sandy Hook massacre.
In 2016, it was the Arizona Republic that published my five recommendations to address mass violence following the Orlando and San Bernardino attacks.
Now, seven years and numerous articles and news appearances on security later, I find myself writing again in response to the horrendous school shooting this week in Uvalde, Texas.
As a nationally-recognized subject matter expert in public safety, I find myself once again disappointed at how basic recommendations for school safety have still not been met. I am disheartened at how massacres like Uvalde are immediately politicized by the media and our political class promotes plans that have little chances of success.
Typically, in response to these horrifying acts of mass violence, Americans tend to oversimplify the issue and distract the nation toward wedge issues. This is because most citizens and lawmakers have little experience in security or violent crime, and they do not know that addressing these issues is more complex than simply “getting the guns off the street” or “stopping a bad guy with a gun.”
As someone who has conducted professional security assessments for public facilities, K-12 schools, and colleges, I have made recommendations for fundamental cultural approaches toward security in order to prevent and/or mitigate future incidents.
Sadly, in the 23 years since the Columbine High School shooting in Colorado, no substantive national policy or guidance regarding school security has been developed. This is largely because our collective response to mass violence is often pivots away from actionable ways to prevent attacks and toward wedge issues like gun control and mental health.
Thus, we lose focus on the fact that the majority of America’s schools today have little to no effective physical security measures, operational (tested) security plans, nor an insider threat investigation program. While education leaders commonly cite a lack of budget or not wanting to “turn our schools into prisons” for the lack of school security, it is clear that ignoring this threat and “hoping for the best” is an irresponsible approach.
In discussing what should be done following an attack, America often seeks a “one size fits all” approach, such as banning AR-15-platform rifles because, as the most common semi-automatic rifle purchased in the United States, they are normally the weapons used in mass shootings. However, the sole gun control “solution” rarely comes from security or law enforcement experts, as our training teaches us to focus on pragmatic approaches, such as early detection of criminal behaviors and how the perpetrator was able to access his victims, as opposed to merely the weapon used.
A more effective approach is taken in other countries, like Israel, where a global review of these incidents prompt a continual recalibration of school security, as top-down security protocols exist to address public safety vulnerabilities.
As someone who has worked closely with school districts and education department officials to conduct system-wide security assessments of operations, facilities, plans, and procedures focused on protection and prevention, I can attest that no basic guidelines exist in America as they do in Israel.
Therefore, the responsibility for creating a stepwise approach to strengthen school security measures and technologies shouldn’t be hinged on external legislation or outside agencies as the responsibility for protecting our children and teachers currently belongs to local school boards and administrators.
A good indicator of whether this responsibility is considered a priority in your area is whether or not your local school district has a dedicated security force or police agency. Major school systems like Philadelphia and New York have metal detectors in many schools, but their “school police” are unarmed and lack proper training, equipment, or legal authority. In contrast, smaller districts in states like Mississippi and Georgia have full-service school police agencies, even without distinctions like Philadelphia, which has schools consistently rated as “persistently dangerous” by the Department of Education. This is not simply a “red state vs. blue state” cultural argument, evident by the fact that Baltimore and Los Angeles have dedicated school police agencies with the capabilities and same authority as their municipal counterparts.
The presence of campus police or armed security is a sign that your local school — whether it is public, private, or faith-based — recognizes that these threats indeed exist and need to be responded to in an immediate manner. As was evident in the Parkland shooting, law enforcement tactics designed for hours-long sieges like Columbine and Beslan have shifted to active shooter incidents lasting, conservatively, two to ten minutes in length, which is far faster than the average municipal law enforcement response time. Therefore, schools need to adopt a culture of security that integrates a concentric layering of policy, procedures, and physical security measures into daily practices so that multiple, overlapping elements are in place to keep campuses safe.
Concentric layers include effective policies creating a culture of vigilance in daily operations, an investigative component that monitors cyber-threats, compliance issues and confidential reports from staff, parents, and students, and physical barriers such as alarms, video cameras, and access control systems. Training for staff and students is also vital, as “see something, say something” widely varies on perception. This training should result in the maintenance and review of a security plan at every campus, updated annually, as fire drills are normally handled.
Why banning firearms won’t work
Predictably, the argument has shifted from the search for answers about the events that led to the attack to the tools used in the attack. Why? It’s politically a lot easier to blame the weapons used in the attack than to delve into the murky waters of the current psyche of our nation, why these incidents are on the rise, and what we can do to prevent future incidents.
Despite all the talking heads, why has the majority of our nation’s law enforcement focused on the issue of the assailants in question, instead of on the type of weapon used in an attack?
Law-enforcement professionals know that an operable, maintained firearm could work for over 100 years, and there are more than 300 million firearms owned in the United States. Regardless, our legislators hurried to draft a bill to regulate a few specific types of weapons, which had little effect on the underlying issue of the few dangerous people seeking to use these weapons unlawfully.
Therefore, one should ask political leaders if there are more effective ways to address this vital issue to our security and offer some pragmatic recommendations to address school shootings by investing in effective strategies for security, law enforcement, and mental-health treatment, including:
- Establish effective, apolitical guidance for school safety measures and early intervention. Of issue is the fact that many school safety policies are rooted in a lack of the regulatory requirements forcing a budget allotment, and/or conflicting sociological arguments such as the school-to-prison pipeline; creating a vacuum in effective security policies. Policies that restrict campus security measures or the presence of public safety personnel have often confused disciplinary pathways for students charged with campus crimes or dangerous mental health concerns with mere law enforcement presence and reporting. However, if the Clery Act of 1990 requires collegiate institutions to take responsible charge for the public safety of their students and are held accountable for an accurate reporting of all crimes and arrests on campuses, why shouldn’t a similar law exist for more vulnerable, K-12 students?
- Develop Investigative guidelines for pre-attack interventions and create places for inpatient psychiatric evaluation. In looking at the shootings in Buffalo, at Virginia Tech, and in Parkland, Florida, numerous red flags that were reported to schools and even law enforcement failed to result in a committal or incarceration of the shooter before they graduated to their heinous act. If local policies limit public safety responses to these threats and/or access to mental health resources, then this needs to be addressed at a state and/or local level forthwith.
- Fund training for workplaces and schools in recognizing and reporting abnormal behavior, and subsidize an early-intervention tip line coordinated with local law enforcement.
- Refine legislation that actually improves the enforcement of existing gun laws. Current, existing federal firearms purchase forms have questions regarding mental health, but legislation is still needed for public-safety agencies to access the records needed to verify this in background checks. Therefore, modifications to health-privacy laws (HIPAA) are needed to create state mental-health treatment databases to tie mandatory notifications from mental-health professionals to law enforcement when someone is undergoing treatment for potentially dangerous conditions (to include when pharmacological intervention is required). These databases can then be used to cross-check files with criminal records and firearms purchase forms.
- Fund the enforcement of existing laws, rather than creating new, redundant laws. This includes recruitment and support for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives and its task forces, to better target interstate smuggling and straw-purchasing of illegal firearms; and providing timely enforcement when a prohibited person is seeking a firearm. This can also accompany federal support for state firearms enforcement and heightened sentences for other crimes where a firearm was used or recovered, similar to “Face 5” in Georgia or “Project Exile” in Virginia.
- Require laws for gun theft/loss reporting and civilian firearms training. As opposed to gun control, states should be supporting the safe handling and storage of firearms for the 400M guns already in the United States. Requiring gun owners to receive training in the storage and accuracy of their weapons is far more sensible than passing a ban on something that has a 50-100 year shelf life.
A meaningful, non-partisan discussion focused on these topics can have a direct impact on violent crime, without polarizing the population.
Regardless of the federal regulations placed on educational administrators, it’s time to stop debating the need for security and hold our locally-elected school boards accountable for securing our schools in the way we secure public venues, banks, and other public facilities.